Fiber Optic Cable (FOC): Fiber Optic Cables (FOC) are constructed with a number of loose tubes stranded in layers under a common sheath. Every loose tube has usually a bundle of 12 fiber strands inside. Both loose tubes and fiber-strands have a un…

Optical Network: Optical Network (ONW), whether Long-Distance or Junction, is simply defined as a collection of Optical Nodes (ON) interconnected by Optical Circuits (OC), so as to enable communication between them. Optical Nodes (ON) and Optical …

Details of Optical budget calculation Optical Budget Calculation Optical Budget Calculation:  The optical budget determines the physical performance of a PON in terms of the maximum number of ONTs supported and the reach of the farthest …

How to install Hand-holes : Hand-holes are relatively small pre-cast reinforced concrete chambers, utilized as breakdown points, from primary cables to secondary cable distribution joints and cabinet terminating points etc.Hand-holes shall be const…

Earthing: Protection against over voltages shall be provided both at the exchange MDF, and in the cable plant.This protection shall partly consist of Earthing procedures to be outlined below. This section deals only with the cable plant from the t…

What is Polyethylene Corrugated Duct ( PECD): PECD are used for the construction of underground duct system for fiber optic and copper cables in the telecommunication’s long distance, junction, primary and secondary networks. PECD provide a single …

ब्रह्माण्ड में सात ग्रहों पर है एलियन का बसेरा: यह टॉपिक पढ़ते ही आप को ऐसा लगेगा कि यह किसी पागल इंसान का कल्पना ही हो सकता है लेकिन हकीकत नहीं हो सकता है,यह कोई कल्पना नहीं है अगर मैं कुछ लिख रहा हूँ तो मेरे पास भी कुछ ना कुछ आधार होगा कि ऐसी बात…